At the same time, Samuel Mather began steel production and enhanced Cleveland's economic importance. Rockefeller and his partners began the Standard Oil Company in Cleveland during the 1860s. Located along numerous transportation routes as well as near large deposits of coal and iron ore, the city prospered. In forty years, Cleveland's population increased from under one thousand to more than forty thousand people.ĭuring the late nineteenth century, Cleveland became an important industrial city. In the 1850s, railroads came to Cleveland.
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During the 1820s and the 1830s, construction of the Ohio and Erie Canal connected Lake Erie with the Ohio River. The first steamboat on Lake Erie, the Walk-In-The-Water, allowed for quicker trade between Cleveland and other localities along the lake. The Erie Canal connected the city with the Atlantic Ocean during the 1820s. By 1820, only 606 people lived in Cleveland.ĭuring the 1820s, the city experienced some growth due to the arrival of new forms of transportation. Even so, the settlement grew slowly because of the lack of adequate roads connecting it to other parts of the state. Cleveland became known as a market town where farmers brought crops to sell and merchants offered goods from the East. By this time, the threat of American Indian attacks had ended and money was invested in road improvements and a harbor for the community. Despite its small population, Cleveland became the Cuyahoga County seat in 1807.Īlthough the settlement was located near Lake Erie, the population did not grow significantly until after the War of 1812. Ten years later, there were only fifty-seven residents. As late as 1800, a company representative reported that only three men lived in Cleveland. The company originally charged fifty dollars for lots in the settlement and found that few people were willing to pay that much to live there. The first survey of Cleveland was completed in 1796, and it included 220 lots. On January 6, 1831, the Cleveland Advertiser dropped the "a" from Cleveland, probably to save space on the newspaper's masthead, thus the spelling we use today. The town was located along the eastern bank of the Cuyahoga River. It was named after General Moses Cleaveland, an investor in the company who led the survey of its land within the Western Reserve.
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Visible are the Cleveland Public Library (square building, bottom left corner), Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland.Ĭleveland was the first settlement founded in the Connecticut Western Reserve by the Connecticut Land Company. 1935-1943) shows an aerial view, presumably taken from the Terminal Tower, looking northeast down Superior Avenue in Cleveland, Ohio, with Lake Erie in the distance.